Heavy Electrical System
The heavy electrical system of an industrial factory includes the following main systems:
- Substation, Medium Voltage Panels, and Low Voltage Systems: These systems play a crucial role in taking power from high-capacity power lines, converting the electricity from medium and high-voltage lines into standard electrical sources, typically single-phase 220V or three-phase 380V, which are commonly used in factories.
- Backup Generator System: This system provides emergency power for the factory when there are issues with the grid power supply, ensuring continuous production operations. The transfer switch ensures stable production without interruption during power fluctuations.
- Distribution Electrical Panels: These panels divide the power supply into separate circuits, ensuring that electrical energy is distributed to various machinery and equipment throughout the factory. Additionally, the distribution panels help protect equipment by isolating electrical devices from the operators, reducing the risk of accidents during operation.
- Control Electrical Panels for Machinery and Industrial Production Lines: These panels are responsible for supplying power to motors, controlling the start or stop of motor operation, monitoring, and protecting motors from potential faults.
- Industrial Power Outlets: These outlets act as a bridge for distributing electrical power from the source to the electrical equipment. They are usually equipped with waterproof covers, waterproof casings, and fuses to ensure safety in industrial environments.
- Earthing System: The earthing system helps reduce the risk of electrical leakage, ensuring the safety of factory workers. It typically includes electrodes buried underground and grounding wires connected to the electrical infrastructure, machinery, and equipment, directing unwanted currents safely into the ground.
- Lightning Protection System: This system safely channels lightning-induced currents into the ground, preventing the lightning from following the electrical system of the factory, which could cause extensive damage.
Low Voltage Electrical System
The low voltage electrical system accounts for a relatively small percentage, around 10-20%, of the total electrical system in an industrial factory, but it plays a crucial role in operating high-tech equipment and providing significant convenience to users. The low voltage electrical system in an industrial factory includes:
- LAN and Internet Network System: This system allows for the connection of computers between departments, machinery, and production lines within the factory. Through the internal network, the factory can use a telephone switchboard, surveillance cameras, printers, and more.
- Telephone System: This system serves as a communication tool between departments and production areas, making communication faster and easier.
- Camera Surveillance System: This system helps ensure the security of the factory, especially in large industrial zones and factories with vast areas.
- Public Address and Sound System: This system helps the factory management deliver announcements and information to staff more easily, especially in noisy environments with large machinery and expansive production spaces.
- Access Control System: This system includes fingerprint time attendance machines and Face ID systems to monitor and maintain security and order within the factory.